nginx: 软件包 ubuntu安装nginx centos安装 nginx
支持的发行版和版本 安装说明 RHEL/CentOS Debian Ubuntu SLES Alpine Amazon Linux Source Packages Dynamic Modules Signatures |
支持的发行版和版本
nginx 软件包可用于以下 Linux 发行版和版本:
版本 支持的平台 7.4+ x86_64, ppc64le, aarch64/arm64 8.x x86_64, aarch64/arm64, s390x
版本 支持的平台 10.x “buster” x86_64, i386, aarch64/arm64 11.x “bullseye” x86_64, aarch64/arm64
版本 支持的平台 18.04 “bionic” x86_64, aarch64/arm64 20.04 “focal” x86_64, aarch64/arm64, s390x 21.10 “impish” x86_64, aarch64/arm64 22.04 “jammy” x86_64, aarch64/arm64
版本 支持的平台 12 SP5+ x86_64 15 SP2+ x86_64
版本 支持的平台 3.12 x86_64, aarch64/arm64 3.13 x86_64, aarch64/arm64 3.14 x86_64, aarch64/arm64 3.15 x86_64, aarch64/arm64
版本 支持的平台 2 (LTS) x86_64, aarch64/arm64
安装说明
在新机器上首次安装 nginx 之前,您需要设置 nginx 软件包存储库。之后,您可以从存储库安装和更新 nginx.
RHEL/CentOS
安装必备组件:
sudo yum install yum-utils
要设置 yum 存储库,请使用以下内容创建名为 /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo
的文件:
[nginx-stable] name=nginx stable repo baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/$releasever/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 enabled=1 gpgkey=https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key module_hotfixes=true [nginx-mainline] name=nginx mainline repo baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/mainline/centos/$releasever/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 enabled=0 gpgkey=https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key module_hotfixes=true
默认情况下,使用稳定 nginx 包的存储库。如果您想使用主线 nginx 包,请运行以下命令:
sudo yum-config-manager --enable nginx-mainline
要安装 nginx,请运行以下命令:
sudo yum install nginx
当提示接受 GPG 密钥时,接受它。
Debian
安装必备组件:
sudo apt install curl gnupg2 ca-certificates lsb-release debian-archive-keyring
导入官方 nginx 签名密钥,以便 apt 可以验证包的真实性。获取密钥:
curl https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key | gpg --dearmor \ | sudo tee /usr/share/keyrings/nginx-archive-keyring.gpg >/dev/null
要为稳定的 nginx 包设置 apt 存储库,请运行以下命令:
echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/nginx-archive-keyring.gpg] \ http://nginx.org/packages/debian `lsb_release -cs` nginx" \ | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nginx.list
如果您想使用主线 nginx 包,请运行以下命令:
echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/nginx-archive-keyring.gpg] \ http://nginx.org/packages/mainline/debian `lsb_release -cs` nginx" \ | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nginx.list
设置存储库固定,以优先选择我们的软件包而不是系统提供的软件包
echo -e "Package: *\nPin: origin nginx.org\nPin: release o=nginx\nPin-Priority: 900\n" \ | sudo tee /etc/apt/preferences.d/99nginx
要安装 nginx,请运行以下命令:
sudo apt update sudo apt install nginx
Ubuntu
安装必备组件:
sudo apt install curl gnupg2 ca-certificates lsb-release ubuntu-keyring
导入官方 nginx 签名密钥,以便 apt 可以验证包的真实性。获取密钥:
curl https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key | gpg --dearmor \ | sudo tee /usr/share/keyrings/nginx-archive-keyring.gpg >/dev/null
要为稳定的 nginx 包设置 apt 存储库,请运行以下命令:
echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/nginx-archive-keyring.gpg] \ http://nginx.org/packages/ubuntu `lsb_release -cs` nginx" \ | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nginx.list
如果您想使用主线 nginx 包,请运行以下命令:
echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/nginx-archive-keyring.gpg] \ http://nginx.org/packages/mainline/ubuntu `lsb_release -cs` nginx" \ | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nginx.list
设置存储库固定以更喜欢我们的包而不是系统提供的包:
echo -e "Package: *\nPin: origin nginx.org\nPin: release o=nginx\nPin-Priority: 900\n" \ | sudo tee /etc/apt/preferences.d/99nginx
要安装 nginx,请运行以下命令:
sudo apt update sudo apt install nginx
SLES
安装必备组件:
sudo zypper install curl ca-certificates gpg2
要为稳定的 nginx 包设置 zypper 存储库,请运行以下命令:
sudo zypper addrepo --gpgcheck --type yum --refresh --check \ 'http://nginx.org/packages/sles/$releasever_major' nginx-stable
如果您想使用主线 nginx 包,请运行以下命令:
sudo zypper addrepo --gpgcheck --type yum --refresh --check \ 'http://nginx.org/packages/mainline/sles/$releasever_major' nginx-mainline
接下来,导入官方 nginx 签名密钥,以便 zypper/rpm 可以验证包的真实性。获取密钥:
curl -o /tmp/nginx_signing.key https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key
最后,将密钥导入 rpm 数据库:
sudo rpmkeys --import /tmp/nginx_signing.key
要安装 nginx,请运行以下命令:
sudo zypper install nginx
Alpine
安装必备组件:
sudo apk add openssl curl ca-certificates
要为稳定的 nginx 包设置 apk 存储库,请运行以下命令:
printf "%s%s%s%s\n" \ "@nginx " \ "http://nginx.org/packages/alpine/v" \ `egrep -o '^[0-9]+\.[0-9]+' /etc/alpine-release` \ "/main" \ | sudo tee -a /etc/apk/repositories
如果您想使用主线 nginx 包,请运行以下命令:
printf "%s%s%s%s\n" \ "@nginx " \ "http://nginx.org/packages/mainline/alpine/v" \ `egrep -o '^[0-9]+\.[0-9]+' /etc/alpine-release` \ "/main" \ | sudo tee -a /etc/apk/repositories
接下来,导入官方 nginx 签名密钥,以便 apk 可以验证包的真实性。获取密钥:
curl -o /tmp/nginx_signing.rsa.pub https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.rsa.pub
验证下载的文件是否包含正确的密钥:
openssl rsa -pubin -in /tmp/nginx_signing.rsa.pub -text -noout
输出应包含以下模数:
Public-Key: (2048 bit) Modulus: 00:fe:14:f6:0a:1a:b8:86:19:fe:cd:ab:02:9f:58: 2f:37:70:15:74:d6:06:9b:81:55:90:99:96:cc:70: 5c:de:5b:e8:4c:b2:0c:47:5b:a8:a2:98:3d:11:b1: f6:7d:a0:46:df:24:23:c6:d0:24:52:67:ba:69:ab: 9a:4a:6a:66:2c:db:e1:09:f1:0d:b2:b0:e1:47:1f: 0a:46:ac:0d:82:f3:3c:8d:02:ce:08:43:19:d9:64: 86:c4:4e:07:12:c0:5b:43:ba:7d:17:8a:a3:f0:3d: 98:32:b9:75:66:f4:f0:1b:2d:94:5b:7c:1c:e6:f3: 04:7f:dd:25:b2:82:a6:41:04:b7:50:93:94:c4:7c: 34:7e:12:7c:bf:33:54:55:47:8c:42:94:40:8e:34: 5f:54:04:1d:9e:8c:57:48:d4:b0:f8:e4:03:db:3f: 68:6c:37:fa:62:14:1c:94:d6:de:f2:2b:68:29:17: 24:6d:f7:b5:b3:18:79:fd:31:5e:7f:4c:be:c0:99: 13:cc:e2:97:2b:dc:96:9c:9a:d0:a7:c5:77:82:67: c9:cb:a9:e7:68:4a:e1:c5:ba:1c:32:0e:79:40:6e: ef:08:d7:a3:b9:5d:1a:df:ce:1a:c7:44:91:4c:d4: 99:c8:88:69:b3:66:2e:b3:06:f1:f4:22:d7:f2:5f: ab:6d Exponent: 65537 (0x10001)
最后,将密钥移动到 apk 可信密钥存储中:
sudo mv /tmp/nginx_signing.rsa.pub /etc/apk/keys/
要安装 nginx,请运行以下命令:
sudo apk add nginx@nginx
在安装带有动态模块的软件包时,还应指定@nginx
标记:
sudo apk add nginx-module-image-filter@nginx nginx-module-njs@nginx
Amazon Linux
安装必备组件:
sudo yum install yum-utils
要设置 yum 存储库,请使用以下内容创建名为/etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo
的文件:
[nginx-stable] name=nginx stable repo baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/amzn2/$releasever/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 enabled=1 gpgkey=https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key module_hotfixes=true [nginx-mainline] name=nginx mainline repo baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/mainline/amzn2/$releasever/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 enabled=0 gpgkey=https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key module_hotfixes=true
默认情况下,使用稳定 nginx 包的存储库。如果您想使用主线 nginx 包,请运行以下命令:
sudo yum-config-manager --enable nginx-mainline
要安装 nginx,请运行以下命令:
sudo yum install nginx
当提示接受 GPG 密钥时, 接受它.
源码包
打包源可以在 打包源存储库中找到.
The default
branch holds packaging sources for the current
mainline version, while stable-*
branches contain latest
sources for stable releases.
To build binary packages, run make
in
debian/
directory on Debian/Ubuntu, or in
rpm/SPECS/
on RHEL/CentOS/SLES/Amazon Linux, or in
alpine/
on Alpine.
Packaging sources are distributed under the same 2-clause BSD-like license used by nginx.
动态模块
主 nginx 包是用所有不需要额外库的模块构建的,以避免额外的依赖。从 1.9.11 版本开始,nginx 支持 动态模块 ,以下模块被构建为动态并作为单独的包提供:
nginx-module-geoip nginx-module-image-filter nginx-module-njs nginx-module-perl nginx-module-xslt
签名
由于我们的PGP 密钥 和包位于同一台服务器上,因此它们同样受信任。强烈建议额外验证下载的 PGP 密钥的真实性。PGP 有“信任网络”的概念,当一个密钥由别人的密钥签名时,该密钥又由另一个密钥签名,依此类推。通常可以从任意密钥到您认识和信任的某人的密钥构建一个链,从而验证链中第一个密钥的真实性。这个概念在 GPG Mini Howto中有详细描述。我们的密钥有足够的签名,并且它们的真实性相对容易检查。